Glenn seaborg atomic model

American chemist (1912–1999)

Glenn T. Seaborg
Seaborg in 1964
Born	Glen Theodore Seaborg (1912-04-19)April 19, 1912 Ishpeming, Chicago, US
Died	February 25, 1999(1999-02-25) (aged 86) Lafayette, Calif., US
Education
Known for	Contributions to the synthesis, hunt down and investigation of ten transuranium elements
Spouse
Children	7, including David
Awards
Scientific career
Fields	Nuclear chemistry
Institutions
Thesis	The interaction of fast neutrons with lead (1937)
Doctoral advisors
Doctoral students
Other notable students	Margaret Melhase, Geoffrey Wilkinson
In office March 1, 1961 – August 16, 1971
Preceded by	John McCone
Succeeded by	James R. Schlesinger
In office 1958–1961
Preceded by	Clark Kerr
Succeeded by	Edward Defenceless. Strong

Glenn Theodore Seaborg (SEE-borg; April 19, 1912 – February 25, 1999) was an American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, bargain and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned him a hand of the 1951 Nobel Affection in Chemistry.^[3] His work smudge this area also led concord his development of the actinoid concept and the arrangement be more or less the actinide series in loftiness periodic table of the smatter.

Seaborg spent most of king career as an educator endure research scientist at the Order of the day of California, Berkeley, serving brand a professor, and, between 1958 and 1961, as the university's second chancellor.^[4] He advised put out US presidents—from Harry S. President to Bill Clinton—on nuclear plan and was Chairman of integrity United States Atomic Energy Bureau from 1961 to 1971, turn he pushed for commercial fissile energy and the peaceful applications of nuclear science.

Throughout climax career, Seaborg worked for capitulate control. He was a somebody to the Franck Report direct contributed to the Limited Research Ban Treaty, the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the Comprehensive Discernment Ban Treaty. He was clean up well-known advocate of science care and federal funding for real research.

Toward the end hold the Eisenhower administration, he was the principal author of goodness Seaborg Report on academic discipline, and, as a member flaxen President Ronald Reagan's National Snooze on Excellence in Education, inaccuracy was a key contributor keep its 1983 report "A Knowledge at Risk".

Seaborg was high-mindedness principal or co-discoverer of give a call elements: plutonium, americium, curium, metal, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, no and element 106, which, thoroughly he was still living, was named seaborgium in his favor.

He said about this classifying, "This is the greatest laurels ever bestowed upon me—even drop, I think, than winning position Nobel Prize. Future students celebrate chemistry, in learning about greatness periodic table, may have cogent to ask why the mental picture was named for me, nearby thereby learn more about capsize work."^[5] He also discovered make more complicated than 100 isotopes of transuranium elements and is credited industrial action important contributions to the immunology of plutonium, originally as debris of the Manhattan Project turn he developed the extraction dispute used to isolate the pu fuel for the implosion-type atomlike bomb.

Early in his life, he was a pioneer mud nuclear medicine and discovered isotopes of elements with important applications in the diagnosis and maltreatment of diseases, including iodine-131, which is used in the usage of thyroid disease. In sum to his theoretical work hole the development of the actinoid concept, which placed the grouping series beneath the lanthanide entourage on the periodic table, good taste postulated the existence of super-heavy elements in the transactinide spell superactinide series.

After sharing primacy 1951 Nobel Prize in Immunology with Edwin McMillan, he customary approximately 50 honorary doctorates gain numerous other awards and honors. The list of things person's name after Seaborg ranges from class chemical element seaborgium to loftiness asteroid 4856 Seaborg. He was a prolific author, penning plentiful books and 500 journal relating to, often in collaboration with excess.

He was once listed inspect the Guinness Book of Terra Records as the person manage the longest entry in Who's Who in America.^[5]

Early life

Glenn Theodore Seaborg was born in Ishpeming, Michigan, on April 19, 1912, the son of Herman Theodore (Ted) and Selma Olivia Erickson Seaborg. He had one cultivate, Jeanette, who was two adulthood younger.

His family spoke Norse at home. When Glenn Chemist was a boy, the lineage moved to Los Angeles Region, California, settling in a part called Home Gardens, later additional to the City of Southward Gate, California. About this generation he changed the spelling exert a pull on his first name from Cwm to Glenn.

Seaborg kept a common journal from 1927 until type suffered a stroke in 1998.

As a youth, Seaborg was both a devoted sports admirer and an avid movie acquiescence. His mother encouraged him adjacent to become a bookkeeper as she felt his literary interests were impractical. He did not receive an interest in science awaiting his junior year when noteworthy was inspired by Dwight Logan Reid, a chemistry and physics teacher at David Starr River High School in Watts.

Seaborg piecemeal from Jordan in 1929 bulldoze the top of his titanic and received a Bachelor be beneficial to Arts (BA) degree in alchemy at the University of Calif., Los Angeles, in 1933.

Prohibited worked his way through grammar as a stevedore and straight laboratory assistant at Firestone. Chemist received his PhD in alchemy at the University of Calif., Berkeley, in 1937 with uncluttered doctoral thesis on the "Interaction of Fast Neutrons with Lead",^[11] in which he coined loftiness term "nuclear spallation".^[12]

Seaborg was far-out member of the professional alchemy fraternity Alpha Chi Sigma.

Style a graduate student in description 1930s Seaborg performed wet alchemy research for his advisor Architect Newton Lewis,^[12] and published several papers with him on influence theory of acids and bases.^[13][14][15] Seaborg studied the text Applied Radiochemistry by Otto Hahn, give a miss the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute redundant Chemistry in Berlin, and everyday had a major impact method his developing interests as calligraphic research scientist.

For several length of existence, Seaborg conducted important research inferior artificial radioactivity using the Painter cyclotron at UC Berkeley. Crystal-clear was excited to learn cheat others that nuclear fission was possible—but also chagrined, as empress own research might have dripping him to the same discovery.

Seaborg also became an adept investigator of Berkeley physicist Robert Oppenheimer.

Oppenheimer had a daunting nickname and often answered a let fall colleague's question before it challenging even been stated. Often position question answered was more prodigious than the one asked, on the other hand of little practical help. Chemist learned to state his questions to Oppenheimer quickly and succinctly.

Pioneering work in nuclear chemistry

Seaborg remained at the University of Calif., Berkeley, for post-doctoral research.

Fair enough followed Frederick Soddy's work scrutinize isotopes and contributed to nobility discovery of more than Century isotopes of elements. Using solitary of Lawrence's advanced cyclotrons, Toilet Livingood, Fred Fairbrother, and Chemist created a new isotope look after iron, iron-59 in 1937. Iron-59 was useful in the studies of the hemoglobin in individual blood.

In 1938, Livingood have a word with Seaborg collaborated (as they plain-spoken for five years) to bug out an important isotope of i iodine-131, which is still encouraged to treat thyroid disease.^[18] (Many years later, it was credited with prolonging the life be successful Seaborg's mother.) As a outcome of these and other handouts, Seaborg is regarded as unadulterated pioneer in nuclear medicine ground is one of its near prolific discoverers of isotopes.^[19]

In 1939 he became an instructor imprint chemistry at Berkeley, was promoted to assistant professor in 1941 and professor in 1945.^[20] Routine of California, Berkeley, physicist King McMillan led a team divagate discovered element 93, which pacify named neptunium in 1940.

Load November, he was persuaded drive leave Berkeley temporarily to cooperate with urgent research in radian technology. Since Seaborg and ruler colleagues had perfected McMillan's redox technique for isolating neptunium, significant asked McMillan for permission denomination continue the research and investigate for element 94.

McMillan in agreement to the collaboration.^[21] Seaborg lid reported alpha decay proportionate gain only a fraction of rank element 93 under observation. Prestige first hypothesis for this be-all particle accumulation was contamination chunk uranium, which produces alpha-decay particles; analysis of alpha-decay particles ruled this out.

Seaborg then allowed that a distinct alpha-producing assembly was being formed from present 93.^[22]

In February 1941, Seaborg advocate his collaborators produced plutonium-239 shame the bombardment of uranium. Groove their experiments bombarding uranium set about deuterons, they observed the trend of neptunium, element 93.

On the other hand it then underwent beta-decay, coordination a new element, plutonium, challenge 94 protons. Plutonium is rather stable, but undergoes alpha-decay, which explained the presence of beginning particles coming from neptunium.^[22] So, on March 28, 1941, Chemist, physicist Emilio Segrè and Metropolis chemist Joseph W.

Kennedy were able to show that element (then known only as bring forward 94) was fissile, an primary distinction that was crucial pass away the decisions made in helm Manhattan Project research. In 1966, Room 307 of Gilman Pass on the campus at blue blood the gentry Berkeley, where Seaborg did circlet work, was declared a Fкted National Historic Landmark.^[24]

In addition dare plutonium, he is credited pass for a lead discoverer of am, curium, and berkelium, and type a co-discoverer of californium, es, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium and sg, the first element named pinpoint a living person.^[25] He public the Nobel Prize in Immunology in 1951 with Edwin McMillan for "their discoveries in rendering chemistry of the first transuranium elements."^[3]

Scientific contributions during the Borough Project

On April 19, 1942, Chemist reached Chicago and joined interpretation chemistry group at the Metallurgic Laboratory of the Manhattan Proposal at the University of City, where Enrico Fermi and culminate group would later convert uranium-238 to plutonium-239 in a obsessed nuclear chain reaction.

Seaborg's pretend was to figure out nevertheless to extract the tiny piece of plutonium from the fire of uranium. Plutonium-239 was lone in visible amounts using neat transmutation reaction on August 20, 1942, and weighed on Sep 10, 1942, in Seaborg's Metropolis laboratory. He was responsible mention the multi-stage chemical process roam separated, concentrated and isolated element.

This process was further highlydeveloped at the Clinton Engineering Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, professor then entered full-scale production draw on the Hanford Engineer Works, explain Richland, Washington.^[26]

Seaborg's theoretical development draw round the actinide concept resulted cattle a redrawing of the recurrent table into its current design with the actinide series showing up below the lanthanide series.

Chemist developed the chemical elements am and curium while in Metropolis. He managed to secure patents for both elements. His seethrough on curium never proved commercially viable because of the element's short half-life, but americium in your right mind commonly used in household fume detectors and thus provided pure good source of royalty resources to Seaborg in later length of existence.

Prior to the test care the first nuclear weapon, Chemist joined with several other primary scientists in a written scattering known as the Franck Put to death (secret at the time on the other hand since published) unsuccessfully calling pictogram President Truman to conduct well-organized public demonstration of the teeny bomb witnessed by the Japanese.

Professor and Chancellor at the Academy of California, Berkeley

After the outcome of World War II mount the Manhattan Project, Seaborg was eager to return to learned life and university research liberated from the restrictions of wartime secrecy.

In 1946, he speed up to his responsibilities as great professor by heading the thermonuclear chemistry research at the Actress Radiation Laboratory operated by illustriousness University of California on account of the United States Minute Energy Commission (AEC). Seaborg was named one of the "Ten Outstanding Young Men in America" by the US Junior Essential of Commerce in 1947 (along with Richard Nixon and others).

Seaborg was elected a Associate of the National Academy complete Sciences in 1948. From 1954 to 1961 he served pass for associate director of the emanation laboratory. He was appointed next to President Truman to serve makeover a member of the Accepted Advisory Committee of the AEC, an assignment he retained unconfirmed 1960.

Seaborg served as chancellor decay the University of California, Bishop, from 1958 to 1961.

Wreath term coincided with a rest of McCarthy-era restrictions on students' freedom of expression that abstruse begun under his predecessor, Adventurer Kerr. In October 1958, Chemist announced that the university difficult relaxed its prior prohibitions quick political activity on a testing basis,^[30] and the ban bank communists speaking on campus was lifted.

This paved the get out of for the Free Speech Development of 1964–65.

Seaborg was an sharp supporter of Cal's sports teams. San Francisco columnist Herb Caen was fond of pointing relieved that Seaborg's surname is peter out anagram of "Go Bears", grand popular cheer at UC Berkeley.^[31] Seaborg was proud of excellence fact that the Cal Bears won their first and sui generis incomparabl National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship in 1959, ultimately he was chancellor.

The hockey team also won the talk title and played in birth Rose Bowl that year.^[32] Soil served on the Faculty Ablebodied Committee for several years esoteric was the co-author of neat as a pin book, Roses from the Ashes: Breakup and Rebirth in Comforting Coast Intercollegiate Athletics (2000), for the Pacific Coast Conference recruiting scandal, and the founding remove what is now the Pac-12, in which he played topping role in restoring confidence confine the integrity of collegiate sports.^[32][33]

Seaborg served on the President's Discipline art Advisory Committee (PSAC) during depiction Eisenhower administration.

PSAC produced a-one report on "Scientific Progress, magnanimity Universities, and the Federal Government", also known as the "Seaborg Report", in November 1960, go off at a tangent urged greater federal funding tactic science.^[34] In 1959, he helped found the Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory with Clark Kerr.^[35]

Chairman racket the Atomic Energy Commission

After nomination by President John F.

President and confirmation by the Combined States Senate, Seaborg was executive of the Atomic Energy Doze (AEC) from 1961 to 1971. His pending appointment by President-elect Kennedy was nearly derailed pressure late 1960 when members adherent the Kennedy transition team cultured that Seaborg had been planned in a U.S.

News & World Report article as tidy member of "Nixon's Idea Men". Seaborg said that as far-out lifetime Democrat he was at sea when the article appeared consortium him with outgoing Vice Chairperson Richard Nixon, a Republican whom Seaborg considered a casual acquaintance.

During the early 1960s, Seaborg became concerned with the ecological mushroom biological effects of nuclear weapons, especially those that would bump human life significantly.

In receive, he commissioned the Technical Discussion Branch of the AEC brand study these matters further.^[37] Seaborg's provision for these innovative studies led the US Government designate more seriously pursue the action and possible use of "clean" nuclear weapons.^[38]

While chairman of illustriousness AEC, Seaborg participated on character negotiating team for the Supreme Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), bonding agent which the US, UK, keep from USSR agreed to ban wrestling match above-ground test detonations of fissionable weapons.

Seaborg considered his fund to the achievement of prestige LTBT as one of rule greatest accomplishments. Despite strict laws from the Soviets about cinematography at the signing ceremony, Chemist used a tiny camera make ill take a close-up photograph criticize Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev trade in he signed the treaty.^[39]

Seaborg enjoyed a close relationship with Governor Lyndon Johnson and influenced distinction administration to pursue the Atomic Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Seaborg was hailed to the White House send out the first week of rectitude Nixon Administration in January 1969 to advise President Richard President on his first diplomatic vital moment involving the Soviets and fissionable testing. He clashed with President presidential adviser John Ehrlichman domination the treatment of a Someone scientist, Zalman Shapiro, whom leadership Nixon administration suspected of seeping nuclear secrets to Israel.

Seaborg promulgated several books and journal stint during his tenure at rectitude AEC.

He predicted the globe of elements beyond those fluctuation the periodic table,^[42] the transactinide series and the superactinide panel of undiscovered synthetic elements. Onetime most of these theoretical forthcoming elements have extremely short half-lives and thus no expected unfeasible applications, he also hypothesized glory existence of stable super-heavy isotopes of certain elements in be over island of stability.^[43] Seaborg served as chairman of the AEC until 1971.^[44]

Return to California

Following cap service as Chairman of rendering AEC, Seaborg returned to UC Berkeley where he was awarded the position of University Academician.

At the time, there abstruse been fewer University Professors incensed UC Berkeley than Nobel Award winners. He also served similarly Chairman of the Lawrence Entry of Science where he became the principal investigator for Downright Explorations in Math and Branch (GEMS)^[45] working with director Jacqueline Barber. Seaborg served as chief at the University of Calif., Berkeley, from 1958 to 1961, and served as president perceive the American Association for influence Advancement of Science in 1972 and as president of leadership American Chemical Society in 1976.^[46]

In 1980, he transmuted several horde atoms of bismuth-209 into gilded (¹⁹⁷
Au) at the Lawrence Philosopher Laboratory.

His experimental technique, exercise the lab's Bevalacparticle accelerator, was able to remove protons folk tale neutrons from the bismuth atoms by bombarding it with record and neon nuclei traveling close to the speed of light.^[47] Seaborg's technique would have been long way too expensive to enable practice manufacturing of gold, but wreath work was close to decency mythical Philosopher's Stone.^[48][49] As metallic has four fewer protons stand for (taking the only naturally encouragement under way bulk isotopes of either) helpfulness fewer neutrons than bismuth, top-notch total of twelve nucleons enjoy to be removed from nobility bismuth nucleus to produce au using Seaborg's method.

In 1981, Seaborg became a founding party of the World Cultural Council.^[50]

In 1983, President Ronald Reagan qualified Seaborg to serve on integrity National Commission on Excellence squeeze Education. The commission produced elegant report "A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform",^[51] which focused national attention fluky education as a national dying out germane to the federal government.^[52] In 2008, Margaret Spellings wrote that

A Nation at Risk delivered a wake up shout for our education system.

Essential parts described stark realities like straight significant number of functionally uneducated high schoolers, plummeting student execution, and international competitors breathing detainee our necks. It was smashing warning, a reproach, and trig call to arms.^[53]

Seaborg lived overbearing of his later life insert Lafayette, California, where he burning himself to editing and statement the journals that documented both his early life and following career.

He rallied a gathering of scientists who criticized honourableness science curriculum in the do up of California, which he held as far too socially adjusted and not nearly focused on hard science. California Administrator Pete Wilson appointed Seaborg come to get head a committee that future changes to California's science way despite outcries from labor organizations and others.

Personal life

In 1942, Chemist married Helen Griggs, the novelist of physicist Ernest Lawrence.

Err wartime pressure, Seaborg had spurious to Chicago while engaged style Griggs. When Seaborg returned holiday at accompany Griggs for the voyage back to Chicago, friends usual them to marry in City. But, eager to be joined, Seaborg and Griggs impulsively got off the train in integrity town of Caliente, Nevada, extend what they thought would embryonic a quick wedding.

When they asked for City Hall, they found Caliente had none—they would have to travel 25 miles (40 km) north to Pioche, authority county seat. With no motor vehicle, this was no easy disturbance, but one of Caliente's modern deputy sheriffs turned out open to the elements be a recent graduate be keen on the Cal Berkeley chemistry authority and was more than keep on at to do a favor undertake Seaborg.

The deputy sheriff normal for the wedding couple damage ride up and back tell apart Pioche in a mail goods. The witnesses at the Chemist wedding were a clerk pivotal a janitor. Glenn Seaborg service Helen Griggs Seaborg had digit children, of whom the leading, Peter Glenn Seaborg, died seep out 1997 (his twin Paulette getting died in infancy).^[56] The starkness were Lynne Seaborg Cobb, Painter Seaborg, Steve Seaborg, Eric Chemist, and Dianne Seaborg.

Seaborg was cease avid hiker.

Upon becoming Administrator of the AEC in 1961, he commenced taking daily hikes through a trail that soil blazed at the headquarters ditch in Germantown, Maryland. He oftentimes invited colleagues and visitors become accompany him, and the succession became known as the "Glenn Seaborg Trail." He and crown wife Helen are credited counterpart blazing a 12-mile (19 km) plan in the East Bay apartment near their home in Town, California.

This trail has thanks to become a part of honourableness American Hiking Association's cross-country screen of trails. Seaborg and jurisdiction wife walked the trail way from Contra Costa County tumult the way to the California–Nevada border.^[58]

Seaborg was elected a foreign member encourage the Royal Swedish Academy be snapped up Sciences in 1972 and top-notch Foreign Member of the Speak Society (ForMemRS) of London inferior 1985.^[2] He was honored slightly Swedish-American of the Year squeeze 1962 by the Vasa Warm up of America.

In 1991, loftiness organization named "Local Lodge Astronaut T. Seaborg No. 719" take delivery of his honor during the Chemist Honors ceremony at which take steps appeared. This lodge maintains spick scholarship fund in his designation, as does the unrelated Swedish-American Club of Los Angeles.^[62]

Seaborg reserved a close bond to ruler Swedish origin.

He visited Sverige every so often, and consummate family were members of leadership Swedish Pemer Genealogical Society, swell family association open for each descendant of the Pemer parentage, a Swedish family with Germanic origin, from which Seaborg was descended on his mother's side.^[63] (In recent years, after both men's passings, it has antiquated discovered that physicist colleague Prince J.

Lofgren was also descended from the Pemer family.)^[64] Chemist even responded to the Scandinavian king's Nobel prize toast uncover his mother's native region's dialect,^[65] which he described as "It was as if a European had ''y'alled" in English attain a Southern Accent."".^[66]

Death

On August 24, 1998, while in Boston occasion attend a meeting by righteousness American Chemical Society, Seaborg offer hospitality to a stroke, which led resist his death six months late on February 25, 1999, dilemma his home in Lafayette.^[67]

Honors become calm awards

Further information: List of accolades received by Glenn T.

Chemist and List of things known as after Glenn T. Seaborg

During realm lifetime, Seaborg is said sentry have been the author haul co-author of numerous books extremity 500 scientific journal articles, various of them brief reports abhorrence fast-breaking discoveries in nuclear information while other subjects, most surprisingly the actinide concept, represented important theoretical contributions in the wildlife of science.

He held a cut above than 40 patents—among them glory only patents ever issued get into chemical elements, americium and cm, and received more than 50 doctorates and honorary degrees put in his lifetime.^[68] At one always, he was listed in excellence Guinness Book of World Registers as having the longest entry-way in Marquis Who's Who central part America.

In February 2005, loosen up was posthumously inducted into high-mindedness National Inventors Hall of Fame.^[44] In April 2011 the office council of the Committee cherish Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) selected Chemist for inclusion in CSI's Pantheon of Skeptics. The Pantheon always Skeptics was created by CSI to remember the legacy fail deceased fellows of CSI present-day their contributions to the create of scientific skepticism.^[69] His registers are in the Library warning sign Congress.^[70]

Seaborg was elected to leadership United States National Academy defer to Sciences in 1948,^[71] the Earth Philosophical Society in 1952,^[72] lecturer the American Academy of Veranda and Sciences in 1958.^[73] Justness American Chemical Society-Chicago Section easy him with the Willard Chemist Award in 1966.^[74] The Land Academy of Achievement presented Chemist with the Golden Plate Furnish in 1972.^[75] The element sg was named after Seaborg stomach-turning Albert Ghiorso, E.

Kenneth Hulet, and others, who also credited Seaborg as a co-discoverer.^[68] Do business was named while Seaborg was still alive, which proved dodgy. He influenced the naming have a high opinion of so many elements that to the announcement of seaborgium, pretense was noted in Discover magazine's review of the year take away science that he could accept a letter addressed in inorganic elements: seaborgium, lawrencium (for description Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory where do something worked), berkelium, californium, americium.^[76] Sg is the first element cunning to have been officially christian name after a living person.^[68][77] Primacy second element to be thus named is oganesson, in 2016, after Yuri Oganessian.^[78]

Selected bibliography

Main article: Glenn T.

Seaborg bibliography

• Seaborg, Flocculent. T.; James, R.A.; Morgan, L.O. (January 1948). The New Whole component Americium (Atomic Number 95). Out of control Atomic Energy Commission. doi:10.2172/4435330. OSTI 4435330. Archived from the original partition October 20, 2019. Retrieved Oct 20, 2019.
• Seaborg, G.

  T.; Felon, R.A.; Ghiorso, A. (January 1948). The New Element Curium (Atomic Number 96). US Atomic Liveliness Commission. OSTI 4421946.

• Seaborg, G. T.; Physicist, S.G.; Ghiorso, A. (April 1950). The New Element Berkelium (Atomic Number 97). UC Berkeley, Diffusion Laboratory.

  doi:10.2172/4421999. OSTI 4421999. Archived take the stones out of the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.

• Seaborg, G. T.; Thompson, S.G.; Roadway, K. Jr.; Ghiroso, A. (June 1950). The New Element Metal (Atomic Number 98). UC Bishop, Radiation Laboratory.

  doi:10.2172/932819. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086449165. OSTI 932819. Archived from the original go with May 24, 2022. Retrieved Dec 7, 2019.

• Seaborg, G. T. (December 1951). The Transuranium Elements – Present Status: Nobel Lecture. UC Berkeley, Radiation Laboratory. doi:10.2172/4406579. OSTI 4406579.
• Seaborg, G.

  T.; Thompson, S.G.; Doc, B.G.; Choppin, G.R. (July 1954). Chemical Properties of Elements 99 and 100 (Einsteinium and Fermium). UC Berkeley, Radiation Laboratory. doi:10.2172/4405197. OSTI 4405197. S2CID 54678232. Archived from grandeur original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.

• Seaborg, Unclear.

  T. (September 1967). The Be foremost Weighing of Plutonium. US Teensy-weensy Energy Commission. OSTI 814965.

• Seaborg, G. Well-ordered. (July 1970). Peaceful Uses be advantageous to Nuclear Energy: A Collection lecture Speeches. US Atomic Energy Department. OSTI 4042849.
• Seaborg, G.

  T. (ed ). (January 1980). Seaborg, G. Well-ordered. (ed.). Symposium Commemorating the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Discovery appreciate Mendelevium. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. OSTI 6468225.

• Seaborg, G. T. (August 1990). Transuranium Elements: a Half Century. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

  OSTI 6604648.

• Seaborg, G. T. (March 1995). "My career as a radioisotope hunter". Journal of the American Checkup Association. 273 (12): 961–964. doi:10.1001/jama.273.12.961. PMID 7884957.

Citations