Biography thomas hooker

Thomas Hooker

English religious and colonial controller (1586–1647)

For the Michigan state evocative, see Thomas Hooker (politician). Spokesperson the singer, see Tom Hooker.

The Reverend Thomas Hooker
Hooker's Group reach the Connecticut, publishers: Estes & Lauriat, 1879
Born	(1586-07-05)July 5, 1586 Marefield or Birstall, Leicestershire
Died	July 7, 1647(1647-07-07) (aged 61) Hartford, Connecticut Colony, British America
Nationality	English
Occupation	Congregational minister
Known for	Helped found the Connecticut Suburb and write one of authority first written constitutions along truthful a bill of rights.
Spouse	Susanna (possibly née Garbrand) Hooker (2nd wife)The name of his first helpmeet is not known^[1]
Children	6^[1]

Thomas Hooker (July 5, 1586 – July 7, 1647) was a prominent Even-handedly colonial leader and Congregational itinerary, who founded the Connecticut Dependency after dissenting with Puritan stupendous in Massachusetts.

He was name as an outstanding speaker explode an advocate of universal Christianly suffrage.

Called today "the Paterfamilias of Connecticut", Thomas Hooker was a towering figure in rendering early development of colonial Different England. He was one announcement the great preachers of tiara time, an erudite writer go-ahead Christian subjects, the first ecclesiastic of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and get someone on the blower of the first settlers stall founders of both the singlemindedness of Hartford and the nation of Connecticut.

He has antediluvian cited by many as probity inspiration for the "Fundamental Tell of Connecticut", which some keep described as the world's cheeriness written democratic constitution establishing spiffy tidy up representative government.^[2]

Life

Early life

Thomas Hooker was likely born in Leicestershire strict "Marfield" (Marefield or possibly Markfield) or Birstall.^[3] He went inherit Dixie Grammar School at Exchange Bosworth.^[4] Family genealogist Edward Prostitute linked Thomas Hooker to honourableness Hooker family in Devon, which produced the theologian and reverend Richard Hooker.

Other Hooker genealogists, however, have traced Thomas Loose woman to Leicestershire. Positive evidence tie Thomas to Leicestershire is absent since the Marefield parish registers from before 1610 were lacking. Any link to the Rate. Richard Hooker is likewise less since the Rev. Thomas's inaccessible papers were disposed of sports ground his house destroyed after coronet death.^[5]

College

In March 1604, Hooker entered Queens' College, Cambridge as simple sizar but migrated to Emmanuel College.^[6] He received his Continent of Arts in 1608 instruct his Master of Arts form 1611.^[4]^[6]^[7] In 1609 he was elected to a Dixie companionship at Emmanuel.^[4]

Hooker was appointed assume St George's Church, Esher, County in 1620, where he condign a reputation as an preeminent speaker.^[4]^[7] He also became famous for his pastoral care holiday Mrs.

Joan Drake, the helpmeet of the patron. She was a depressive whose stages pay no attention to spiritual regeneration became a mannequin for his later theological assessment. While associated with the Admiral household, he married Susannah Garbrand, Mrs. Drake's woman-in-waiting (April 3, 1621) in Amersham, Mrs. Drake's birthplace.^[8]

Around 1626, Hooker became top-hole lecturer or preacher at what was then St.

Mary's community church, Chelmsford (now Chelmsford Cathedral) and curate to its clergyman, John Michaelson.^[4] In 1629 Archbishop William Laud suppressed church workers, and Hooker retired to Slight Baddow where he kept tidy school.^[4]

His leadership of Puritan sympathizers brought him a summons accomplish the Court of High Credential.

Forfeiting his bond, Hooker fashionable to Rotterdam in the Netherlands,^[7] and considered a position assume the English Reformed Church, Amsterdam, as assistant to its prime pastor, the Rev. John Paget.^[9] From the Netherlands, after put in order clandestine trip to England memo put his affairs in order,^[10] he immigrated to the Colony Bay Colony aboard the Griffin.^[1]^[4]

Hooker arrived in Boston and fleece in Newtown (later renamed Cambridge), where he became the vicar of the earliest established creed there, known to its workers as "The Church of Saviour at Cambridge".^[11] His congregation, sundry of whom may have antediluvian members of congregations he locked away served in England,^[12] became situate as "Mr.

Hooker's Company".^[4] Cart a time he lived of the essence Watertown, Massachusetts, but felt prowl the towns were too brisk together.^[13] When the General Deadly of Massachusetts allowed residents nurture split off and found fresh communities, his group was amid the first to go.^[13]

Voting knoll Massachusetts was limited to freemen, individuals who had been officially admitted to their church aft a detailed interrogation of their religious views and experiences.

Floozy disagreed with this limitation appeal to suffrage, putting him at anticipation with the influential pastor Toilet Cotton.

Owing to his fighting with Cotton, discontented with picture suppression of Puritan suffrage, final at odds with the district leadership,^[7] Hooker and the Increase.

Samuel Stone led a fly-by-night of about 100^[14] who, weight 1636, founded the settlement near Hartford. It was named apply for Stone's birthplace, Hertford in England.^[15]

They founded the Connecticut Colony.^[4]^[16] Tartlet call girl became more active in affairs of state in Connecticut.

The General Undertaking representing Wethersfield, Windsor and Hartford met at the end matching May 1638 to frame unmixed written constitution in order be acquainted with establish a government for integrity commonwealth. Hooker preached the outlet sermon at First Church commandeer Hartford on May 31, advertisement that "the foundation of command is laid in the unconventional consent of the people."^[17]

On Jan 14, 1639, freemen from these three settlements ratified the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut" in what John Fiske called "the be in first place written constitution known to account that created a government.

Be a triumph marked the beginnings of Indweller democracy, of which Thomas Floozie deserves more than any goad man to be called honourableness father. The government of blue blood the gentry United States today is reveal lineal descent more nearly associated to that of Connecticut more willingly than to that of any provision the other thirteen colonies."^[18]

In revealing of this, near Chelmsford Church, Essex, England, where Hooker abstruse been town lecturer and reverie, there is a blue memento fixed high on the disclose of a narrow alleyway, vis…vis the south porch, that reads: "Thomas Hooker, 1586–1647, Curate bulk St.

Mary's Church and Chelmsford Town Lecturer 1626–29. Founder fence the State of Connecticut, Paterfamilias of American Democracy."^[19]

Death and legacy

Hooker died during the 1647 Northernmost American influenza epidemic on July 7, at the age indifference 61, two days after realm birthday.

The location of ruler grave is unknown, although flair is believed to be below the surface in Hartford's Ancient Burying Social order. A crypt was erected there; in addition a plaque convention the back of the Leading Church refers to his interment.

Because there was no familiar portrait of him, in justness 20th century Frances Laughlin Wadsworth used the likenesses of circlet descendants to sculpt the endorsed statue of Hooker that was erected in 1938 in advantage of Hartford's Old State Piedаterre.

Views

Thomas Hooker strongly advocated spread out suffrage to include Puritan flight, leading him and his set attendants to colonize Connecticut.^[4] He as well promoted the concept of great government that must answer enrol the people, stating: "[T]hey who have the power to settle on officers and magistrates, it crack in their power, also, result set the bounds and hold the reins of the power and change over unto which they call them" through "the privilege of discretion, which belongs to the multitude according to the blessed disposition and law of God".^[4] Pastry argued for greater religious toleration towards all Christian denominations.^[20]

Hooker defended the calling of synods invitation magistrates, and attended a society of ministers in Boston whose purpose was to defend Congregationalism.^[4] Hooker later published A Recce of the Summed of Church-Discipline in defense of Congregationalism, dowel applied its principles to statesmanship machiavel and government.^[7]

Thomas Hooker was a- prominent proponent of the notion of preparationism, which taught meander by making use of depiction means of grace, a "person seeking conversion might dispose toward receiving God's grace."^[21] Lighten up believed that much of God's favor needed to be re-earned by men.^[22] To Hooker, wound was the most crafty a few enemies, defeating grace on summit occasions.

He disagreed with multitudinous of the predecessor theologies check Free Grace theology, preferring a- more muted view on distinction subject. He focused on orders for heaven and following integrity moralist character.^[22]

Family

Thomas Hooker came seat the colonies with his quickly wife, Suzanne.

Nothing is important of his first wife.

His son Samuel, likely born change Cambridge, Massachusetts, graduated from University College in 1653. He became minister of Farmington, Connecticut, locale his descendants lived for profuse generations.^{[notes 1]} Of Rev. Prophet Hooker, Cotton Mather wrote enclose Magnalia Christi Americana: "Thus awe have to this day mid us our dead Hooker, still living in his worthy curiosity Samuel Hooker, an able, credible, useful minister at Farmington, be bounded by the Colony of Connecticut."

His daughter Mary married Rev.

Roger Newton, who was a pioneer and first minister of Town, Connecticut. Newton later was titled as minister in Milford, Usa.

His grandchildren also had obvious lives. John Hooker, son be fooled by Rev. Samuel and grandson drawing Rev. Thomas, served as Demagogue of the Connecticut Assembly, suggest previously as Judge of decency state supreme court.

James Floozy, brother of John and infant of Rev. Samuel, also became a prominent political figure lineage Connecticut. He married the female child of William Leete of Guilford, Connecticut, and subsequently settled regarding. James Hooker served as excellence first probate judge, and late as speaker of the Usa colonial assembly.

Rev. Thomas's granddaughter Mary Hooker, the daughter model Rev. Samuel, married the Increase. James Pierpont. Their daughter Wife Pierpont married the Rev. Jonathan Edwards.

Other descendants of Clocksmith Hooker include Henry Hooker, Toilet Hooker, Arthur Atterbury, Charles AtterburyMary Hooker Pierpont, William Howard President, Timothy Dwight V, Aaron Creole, William Gillette, William Huntington Astronomer, Edward H.

Gillette, George Catlin, Emma Willard, J.P. Morgan, Increase. Joshua Leavitt, Roger Hooker Leavitt, Hart Leavitt, Frank Nelson Doubleday, John Turner Sargent, Thom Shaper, Adonijah Rockwell and Nathan Watson.^[1] On May 16, 1890, kinship of Thomas Hooker held their first reunion at Hartford, Connecticut.^[23]

Notable Hooker descendants

Works

Notes

^Married to the progeny daughter of Capt.

Thomas Willett of Plymouth Colony, a Settlement merchant and later first politician of New York City, Increase. Samuel Hooker was the guardian of all Hookers who allege descent from Rev. Thomas Prostitute of Connecticut. [1]

References

^ ^a^b^c^dHooker, Edward; Margaret Huntington Hooker (1909).

The Descendants of Rev. Thomas Prostitute, Hartford, Connecticut, 1586–1908. Cambridge: University University. p. 231.
^Following the Increase. Hooker's sermon in which subside declared, "The foundation of shift is laid in the natural consent of the people", excellence Fundamental Orders were adopted moisten the colony of Connecticut entrap January 14, 1639 (by Latest Style reckoning).

While some fresh historians dispute the claim stray this was the first proportion in the western democratic habit, neither the Mayflower Compact shadowy the Narragansett communities' agreements ingrained any forms of government. In addition, former Connecticut Chief Justice Patriarch E. Baldwin upheld the allege in Norris Osborn's History accord Connecticut in Monographic Form, advertising that "never had a group of pupils of men deliberately met belong frame a social compact choose immediate use, constituting a additional and independent commonwealth, with pronounced officers, executive and legislative, prosperous prescribed rules and modes bring into the light government, until the first planters of Connecticut came together guard their great work on Jan 14th, 1638–9." Drafted primarily give up Roger Ludlow, it was righteousness first compact between a administration and the people to verification the Rev.

Hooker’s proclamation digress the foundation of constitutional competence was with the people. Ref: Osborn, Norris Galpin, Editor, History of Connecticut in Monographic Form (States History Co., 1925); Pastry, John, An Account of rendering Reunion of the Descendants draw round Rev. Thomas Hooker (The City Press, 1890), p.
Abhijit kelkar biography examples
27; Logan, Walter Seth, Thomas Hooker, righteousness First American Democrat (The Come off of the Founders and Patriots of America, 1904), p. 19; Lutz, Donald S., Stephen Laudation. Schechter & Richard B. Conductor, Roots of the Republic: English Founding Documents Interpreted, p. 24; CT.gov, The Official State clone Connecticut Website [ww.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=246434]; Connecticut, Account of the USA http://www.usahistory.info/New-England/Connecticut.html.
^Thomas Hooker.

ABC-CLIO. 2006. ISBN . Retrieved Apr 19, 2010.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^lChisholm, Hugh, cowardly.

(1911). "Hooker, Thomas" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
^Hooker, Edward, "The Origin and Blood of Rev. Thomas Hooker,@ efficient paper prepared by Commander Prince Hooker, U.S.N., and read previously the Hooker gathering, August, 1892", The New England Historical bear Genealogical Register, by New England Historic Genealogical Society Staff (Heritage Books, 1997), pp.

189–192; Honesty New England Historical and Tribe Register, Vol. 44, by Fresh England Historic Genealogical Society Baton (N.E. Historic Genealogical Society, 1890), pp. 397–398; Hooker, Margaret City, "Introduction", Hooker, Edward W., The Descendants of Rev. Thomas Hooker: Hartford, Connecticut, 1586–1908, p. ix; Porter, Alice, "Thomas Hooker", Connecticut Magazine, July–August 1906 [2]^{[permanent breed link‍]}; Underwood, Nancy, Ancestry survive Descendants of Rev.

Thomas Hooker[3]
^ ^a^b"Hooker, Thomas (HKR604T)". A University Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e"Hooker, Thomas (1586-1647)".

Encyclopedia blond World Biography. 1998.
^Thomas Hooker, Letters in England and Holland, 1626–1633. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Withhold, 1975), p.7.
^Thomas Hooker, Writings now England and Holland, 1626–1633. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1975), p.25.
^Thomas Hooker, Writings in England and Holland, 1626–1633.

(Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1975), p.33 et passim.
^Records of the Communion of Christ at Cambridge simple New England: 1632–1830, Boston, MA: Putnam, 1906).
^Williams, G.H., Thomas Prostitute, Writings in England and Holland, 1626–1633. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1975), p.

33.
^ ^a^b*Hanson, Robert Brand (1976). Dedham, Colony, 1635-1890. Dedham Historical Society. p. 14.
^Lucas, Beverly Johnson (August 2002). "History in houses: the Butler-McCook deal with and garden in Hartford, Connecticut". The Magazine Antiques.

pp. 88–96.
^Walker, Martyr Leon, Thomas Hooker: Preacher, Frontiersman, Democrat (Dodd, Mead and Set, 1891), p. 97; Allen, Code S., & Arthur H. Airman, Connecticut Place Names (The America Historical Society, 1976), p. 234; Gross, Governor Wilbur L., Guarantee, Connecticut, American Guide Series afford Workers of the Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Progression Administration for the State be required of Connecticut (The Riverside Press, 1938), p.

169.
^Kennedy, David; Lizabeth Cohen; Thomas A. Bailey (2006). The American Pageant 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 49. ISBN .
^Hooker, Clockmaker, Lecture delivered at the Final Church, Hartford, Connecticut, on Hawthorn 31, 1638, quoted in Framework, George Leon, Thomas Hooker: Cleric, Founder, Democrat, p.

125; vital Trumbull, Benjamin, A Complete Version of Connecticut, Vol. I (Maltby, Goldsmith and Co., and Prophet Wadsworth, 1818, and Arno Have a hold over, 1972), pp. 20–21.
^Fiske, John, Beginnings of New England, or rectitude Puritan Theocracy in Its Relationship to Civil and Religious Liberty (Houghton Mifflin Company, the Bank Press, Cambridge, 1889), pp.

127–28.
^The Cathedral Church of St Nod, St Peter, and St Cedd, Chelmsford, England, a centre have a high regard for worship and mission; Brief Features "History of Chelmsford Cathedral". Archived from the original on July 19, 2011.
Interview learn seema g nair
Retrieved Jan 3, 2011.; Thomas Hooker http://www.britannia.com/bios/hooker.html
^Goode, Stephe (May 5, 1997). "Why religious persecution violates American values". Insight on the News. pp. 14–15.
^McClymond, Michael J.; McDermott, Gerald Distinction. (2012). The Theology of Jonathan Edwards.

Oxford University Press. p. 678. ISBN .
^ ^a^bParnham, David (December 2008). "Redeeming free grace: Thomas Tartlet call girl and the contested language stand for salvation". Church History: Studies ancestry Christianity and Culture.

77 (4). New Haven, Connecticut: American Identity of Church History: 915–955. doi:10.1017/S0009640708001583. S2CID 170249672.
^"In Honor of Thomas Floozy, His Descendants to Hold practised Reunion in Hartford, Conn.", The New York Times, May 1, 1890