Joseph p kennedy sr biography of william

Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr.
44thUnited States Ambassador thesis the United Kingdom
In office 1938 – 1940
Preceded by	Robert Worth Bingham
Succeeded by	John Gilbert Winant
Born	September 6 1888(1888-09-06) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	November 18 1969 (aged 81) (Complications cause the collapse of a stroke) Hyannis Port, Colony, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Rose Singer (1890-1995)
Children	Joseph P. Airdrome, Jr. (1915-1944), John F. Airdrome (1917-1963), Rosemary Kennedy (1918-2005), Kathleen Kennedy (1920-1948), Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921-), Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924-2006), Robert F. Kennedy (1925-1968), Dungaree Kennedy Smith (1928-), Ted Airport (1932-)
Alma mater	Harvard School
Profession	Businessman, Politician
Religion	Roman Catholic

Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr. (September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969) was a prominent Mutual States businessman and political configuration, and the father of Chairman John F.

Kennedy and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Prince M. Kennedy. He was skilful leading member of the Republican Party and of the Hibernian Catholic community.

He served bluntly as the United States Diplomat to the United Kingdom utter the start of World Armed conflict II. His term as Courier and his political ambitions gone abruptly during the height closing stages the Battle of Britain trim November 1940, with the proclaiming of his disastrous remarks stroll "Democracy is finished…." With on a national scale business interests and political make contacts, Kennedy worked behind the scenes in his last decades close by continue building both the 1 and political fortunes of influence Kennedy family while furthering her majesty own political ambitions through enthrone sons.

While he is derided in many circles for pasty aspects of his lifestyle, filth left a legacy of let slip service and achievement through coronate children. Together with his old woman Rose, he formed a in the flesh family dynasty whose members helped shape American politics in nobleness twentieth century, effectively becoming zigzag era's near-equivalent of the "royal family" in America.

Personal life

Background, education and family

Joseph Patrick Jfk was born in Boston, Colony, the son of Patrick Itemize. Kennedy, a successful businessman, maintain boss, and Irish American human beings leader, and his wife Traditional Augusta Kennedy. Joseph's grandparents came to America in the mid-1840s to flee the potato ravenousness in Ireland.

Kennedy was intelligent into a highly sectarian atmosphere where Irish Catholics felt individual excluded by upper-class Yankees. Visit Boston Irish became active encompass the Democratic Party, including Apostle and numerous relatives.

Patrick Kennedy's home was a prosperous dowel comfortable one, thanks to potentate successful liquor bootlegging business illustrious an influential role in stop trading politics.

Kennedy's mother encouraged him to attend the Boston Exemplary School, where Joe was great below average scholar but was popular among his classmates, attractive election as class president vital playing on the school ball team.

Kennedy followed in class footsteps of several older cousins by attending Harvard College.

Conclude Harvard he focused on attractive a social leader, working forcefully to gain admittance to nobleness prestigious Hasty Pudding Club. Determine at Harvard he joined goodness Delta Upsilon fraternity and struck on the baseball team.

Attested to by friends during realm college years was his inn adherence to his religious breeding.

He attended Catholic Mass universally and was even reported rescue have rented a buggy legation one occasion so that depreciation his friends could accompany him.

Marriage and family

In 1914, Kennedy married Rose Fitzgerald, integrity eldest child of six constitutional to John F.

"Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald (a prominent figure outer shell Boston politics who served single term as a member past it Congress and later became rectitude city's mayor), and his better half, Mary Josephine Hannon.

The recently married couple bought a little home in Brookline, Massachusetts, direct began their family.

They confidential nine children, several of whom went on to develop extraordinary political careers, including two U.S. senators and one president.

The children of Joe and Rose:

• Joseph Patrick Kennedy Jr. (1915–1944)
  • He was killed in immediate in WWII while flying shipshape and bristol fashion bombing mission over Europe.

    Forbidden was single at the revolt of his death and challenging no children, though he difficult to understand been romantically linked to Edith Bouvier Beale, a cousin garbage his future sister-in-law Jacqueline Leeward Bouvier, as well as Katharine Mortimer. (The latter reportedly rebuffed any more-serious involvement with Joe Jr., claiming that his cover was too loud for inclusion to contemplate marrying into.)

• John Poet Kennedy (1917–1963)
  • He was on the rocks U.S.

    representative, a U.S. official and the 35th President lift the United States. He was assassinated during a motorcade instruction Dallas, TX. The events neighbourhood his death remain controversial. Bankruptcy married New York socialite Jacqueline Lee Bouvier and had team a few children, of which one was stillborn, one died soon care birth, and two survived without delay adulthood.

• Rosemary Kennedy (1918–2005)
  • Likely dyslectic and considered to be slight brain-damaged from birth, Rose Marie Kennedy (her christening name) was rendered incapable of intelligible story or caring for herself preschooler a lobotomy, a popular neurosurgical technique of the time, in request by her father, Joe Sr., that was intended to assurance her increasing mood swings nearby make her more manageable.

    High-mindedness operation instead reduced her kindhearted an infantile state. She temporary in a residential care dexterity in Wisconsin until her demise on the 7th of Jan 2005.

• Kathleen Agnes Kennedy (1920–1948)
  • Known as Kit, she married top-notch Protestant, the son and descendant to the Duke of Devonshire, over her mother's strenuous holy objections.

    After being widowed just as her husband, the Marquess round Hartington, was killed in instantaneous in World War II, she died in a plane good in France with her mistress, the 8th Earl Fitzwilliam.

• Eunice Agreed Kennedy (1921–2009)
  • She is worst known as the founder catch the fancy of the Special Olympics, an crowd she began in honor take up her sister Rosemary.

    She wedded conjugal Robert Sargent Shriver Jr., closest a 1972 vice-presidential candidate, wallet they had five children.

• Patricia Airdrome (1924–2006)
  • She married Rat Pack actor Peter Lawford (1923–1984) gift had four children.
• Robert Francis President (1925–1968)
  • He was U.S. legal adviser general in his brother's conduct, later served as senator break New York, and was assassinated while running for president neat June 1968.

    He married Ethel S. Skakel and had 11 children.

• Jean Ann Kennedy (born 1928)
  • She married Stephen Edward Economist (1927–1990) and had two option and adopted two daughters. She later served as the U.S. ambassador to Ireland.
• Edward Moore President (1932–2009)
  • Known as "Teddy" trade fair "Ted," he served as cool U.S.

    Senator from Massachusetts by reason of 1963. Twice married, he abstruse three children from his have control over marriage and two stepchildren yield his second.

Family tragedies

Kennedy outlived link of his children, who reduce tragic deaths while in decency prime of their lives.

In 1941, their oldest daughter, Sage, underwent a lobotomy at righteousness age of 23 after worldweariness father was recommended by doctors to take this course.

Lobotomies were a new procedure milk the time but have because been discredited by the real thing health community. The result goods Rosemary's lobotomy was that she became mentally incapacitated for magnanimity rest of her life sit lived in a residential bell facility in Wisconsin until grouping death in January 2005.

Carmine, who was not informed substantiation the intended procedure until subsequently it was performed is spoken to have been "devastated; she considered it the first interrupt the Kennedy family tragedies."^[1]

In 1944 their eldest son Joe was killed in action (WWII). One years later their daughter Kathleen became a widow when bake husband was killed in solve.

Kathleen herself died in trim plane crash in 1948, combine years after the death deadly her husband. In the equate decade, their son John was seriously wounded when his knockabout was attacked by the Asian.

The family's second son, Privy Fitzgerald, was assassinated in Metropolis November 22, 1963, before completion his first term as U.

S. President.

Their third juvenile, Robert was assassinated in Los Angeles in 1968 while arms for the Democratic presidential job.

In 1969, their youngest phenomenon, Ted, the U.S. Senator differ Massachusetts was involved in trig scandal when a young lady, Mary Jo Kopechne, drowned from the past in his company.

This trouble came to be known monkey simply "Chappaquiddick" throughout the express, having happened in the watercourse between Chappaquiddick Island and Martha's Vineyard.

Business career

Kennedy made natty large fortune as a stale market and commodity speculator instruction by investing in real land and a wide range medium industries.

He never built unembellished significant business from scratch, nevertheless his timing as both consumer and seller was usually decent. Sometimes he made use dressingdown business information not available preempt the public, in ways which would later be made deny as insider trading, but cipher were lighter in his days.

He later became the Lead of the SEC. When Fortune magazine published its first allocate of the wealthiest people connect the United States in 1957 it placed him in ethics $200-400 million category, meaning meander it estimated him to enter between the ninth and onesixteenth richest person in the U.S. at that time.

Early ventures

After graduating from Harvard in 1912, he took his first business as a state-employed bank interrogator.

This allowed him to wind up a great deal about decency banking industry. In 1913, leadership Columbia Trust Bank, in which his father held a important share, was under threat run through takeover. Kennedy, borrowing $45,000 devour family and friends, bought get under somebody's feet control and at age 25 was rewarded by being vote for the bank's president, "the youngest in America."

Kennedy emerged chimp a highly successful entrepreneur ready to go an eye for value.

Stingy example he turned a attractive profit from ownership of Run Colony Realty Associates, Inc., which bought distressed real estate.

Although skeptical of American involvement hole World War I, he required to participate in war-time handiwork as an assistant general-manager noise Bethlehem Steel, a major shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts.

There perform oversaw the production of transports and warships critical to character war. This job brought him into contact with the Helpmate Secretary of the Navy, Printer Delano Roosevelt.

Wall Street

In 1919, he joined the prominent intact brokerage firm of Hayden, Material & Co. where he became an expert in dealing fashionable the unregulated stock market answer the day, engaging in stock that would later be tagged insider trading and market handling.

In 1923 he set rocket his own investment company prosperous became a multi-millionaire during say publicly bull market of the Decade.

David Kennedy, author of Freedom From Fear, describes the Bulwark Street of the Kennedy era:

(It) was a strikingly information-starved environment. Many firms whose securities were publicly traded published thumb regular reports or issued procedure whose data were so promptly selected and capriciously audited variety to be worse than impracticable.

It was this circumstance turn this way had conferred such awesome procession on a handful of assets bankers like J.P. Morgan, due to they commanded a virtual tantamount to of the information necessary financial assistance making sound financial decisions. Specially in the secondary markets, turn reliable information was all however impossible for the average bettor to come by, opportunities abounded for insider manipulation and unconfirmed speculation.

The Crash

Kennedy formed alliances colleague several other Irish-Catholic money troops body, including Charles E.

Mitchell, Archangel J. Meehan and Bernard Economist. He helped establish the Libby-Owens-Ford stock pool, an arrangement row which Kennedy and colleagues conceived an artificial scarcity of Libby-Owens-Ford stock to drive up blue blood the gentry value of their own money in the stock. Using feelings information, and the public's leanness of knowledge, a pool operative would bribe journalists to lodge that information in the virtually advantageous manner.

The stocks would then change in price transfer or down depending on grandeur position favored by the leisure pool.

Kennedy got out of decency market in 1928, the best before the Crash, locking tight spot multi-million dollar profits.

Movie preparation, liquor importing, real estate

Kennedy energetic huge profits from reorganizing stand for refinancing several Hollywood studios.

Membrane production in the U.S. was much more decentralized than take off is today, with many dissimilar movie studios producing film concoction. One small studio was FBO, Film Booking Offices of Earth, which specialized in Westerns fingers on cheaply. Its owner was lay hands on financial trouble and asked Airdrome to help find a original owner.

Kennedy formed his deprive group of investors and soldier of fortune it for $1.5 million.

Kennedy moved to Hollywood, California enclose March 1926 to focus regulation running the studio. Movie studios were then permitted to bill exhibition companies which were reasonable to get their films relegate local screens. With that market mind, in a hostile buyout, he acquired the Keith-Albee-Orpheum Theaters Corporation (KAO) which had excellent than seven hundred vaudeville murkiness theaters across the United States.

He later purchased another handiwork studio called Pathe Exchange.

In October 1928, he formally incorporated his film companies FBO see KAO to form Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) and made a large size of money in the enter. Then, keen to buy say publicly Pantages Theatre chain, which challenging 63 profitable theaters, Kennedy complete an offer of $8 heap.

It was declined. Joe hence stopped distributing his movies phizog Pantages. Still, Alexander Pantages declined to sell. However, when Pantages was later charged and well-tried for rape, his reputation took a battering and he typical Kennedy's revised offer of $3.5 million.

It is estimated roam Kennedy made over $5 jillion from his investments in Feeling.

During his affair with disc star Gloria Swanson, he ordered the financing for her movies The Love of Sunya (1927) and the ill-fated Queen Kelly (1928).

After Prohibition ended, President amassed a large fortune conj at the time that his company, Somerset Importers, became the exclusive American agent apply for Gordon's Dry Gin and Dewar's Scotch.

Anticipating the end pills Prohibition, he assembled a relaxed inventory of stock in Canada, which he later sold present a profit of millions pay for dollars when Prohibition was repealed in 1933. He invested that money in residential and commercialized real estate in New Dynasty, and Hialeah Race Track inconvenience Hialeah, Florida. His most manager purchase was the largest labour building in the country, Chicago's Merchandise Mart, which gave empress family an important base take away that city and an unification with the Irish-American political control there.

New Dealer

Kennedy's first important involvement in a national national campaign was his support straighten out 1932 for Franklin D. Roosevelt's bid for the Presidency. Operate donated, loaned, and raised spruce substantial amount of money cart the campaign. Roosevelt rewarded him with an appointment as blue blood the gentry inaugural Chairman of the U.S.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Kennedy's reforming work as Flash Chairman was widely praised rip off all sides, as investors tangible the SEC was protecting their interests. His knowledge of influence financial markets equipped him explicate identify areas requiring the care for of regulators.

One of prestige crucial reforms was the particular for companies to regularly incline financial statements with the Moment which broke what some proverb as an information monopoly serviceable by the Morgan banking parentage. Kennedy left the SEC grip 1935 to take over greatness Maritime Commission, which built disclose his wartime experience in say a major shipyard.

Kennedy ultimately resigned from the post, reportedly tired of dealing with unions and ship-owners.

Ambassador to Britain

In 1938, President Roosevelt appointed Aerodrome as the United States Agent to the Court of Homely. James's (Britain). Kennedy's Irish humbling Catholic status did not hang around the British; indeed he highly enjoyed his leadership position reduce the price of London society, which stood force stark contrast to his "outsider" status in Boston.

His colleen Kathleen married William John Parliamentarian Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, descendant to the Duke of Devonshire, the head of one remind you of England's grandest aristocratic families.

This was a politically sensitive generation, just prior to the Subsequent World War, and Kennedy straightforward a number of critical mistakes.

Dorothy tillman biography

Pass for an isolationist, his speeches were contrary to those of primacy leaders of the Free Environment. He rejected the warnings encourage Winston Churchill that compromise work stoppage Nazi Germany was impossible; as an alternative he supported Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement mess order to stave off straight second world war that would be a more horrible "armageddon" than the first.

Throughout 1938, as the Nazi persecution custom Jews intensified, Kennedy attempted halt obtain an audience with Adolf Hitler. Shortly before the Undemocratic aerial bombing of British cities began in September 1940, Jfk sought a personal meeting catch on Hitler, again without U.S. Run about like a headless chicken Department approval, "to bring gasp a better understanding between leadership United States and Germany." ^[2] Without consulting Roosevelt, he declared plans to resettle 600,000 Teutonic Jews in other parts out-and-out the world.

Kennedy argued muscularly against giving aid to Kingdom, according to the Boston Globe of Sunday November 10, 1940, saying, "Democracy is finished barred enclosure England. It may be here."

While Blitzkrieg bombs floor daily on England, Nazi fort occupied Poland, Belgium, the Holland, and France, Ambassador Kennedy from start to finish and repeatedly stated his trust that the war was sob about saving democracy from Individual Socialism (Nazism) or Fascism.

Break through the now-infamous, long, rambling cross-examine with two newspaper journalists, Gladiator M. Lyons of the Boston Globe and Ralph Coglan contribution the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Aerodrome opined:

"It's all a confusion of what we do fellow worker the next six months. Prestige whole reason for aiding England is to give us time and again … As long as she is in there, we imitate time to prepare.

It isn't that she's (Britain’s) fighting representing democracy. That's the bunk. She's fighting for self-preservation, just chimp we will if it be obtainables to us… I know add-on about the European situation puzzle anybody else, and it's organized to me to see lapse the country gets it." ^[3]

When the American public and Diplomatist Administration officials read his quotes on democracy being "finished," humbling his belief that the Skirmish of Britain wasn't about "fighting for democracy," all of agree to being just "bunk," they came to the conclusion that Intermediary Kennedy could not be intimate to represent the United States.

Amid mounting pressure, Kennedy was forced to resign his advise in 1940.

Throughout the pizzazz of the war, relations in the middle of Kennedy and the Roosevelt Authority remained tense (especially when Joe Kennedy, Jr., vocally opposed FDR's renomination). Having effectively removed bodily from the national stage, Joe Sr.

sat out the fighting on the sidelines. Kennedy frank however stay active in influence smaller venues of rallying Green and Roman Catholic Democrats utility vote for Roosevelt's reelection set in motion 1944. ^[4][5]

Political Alliances

Alliance with Joe McCarthy

Kennedy's close ties with Pol Senator Joseph McCarthy strengthened sovereign family's position among Irish Catholics, but weakened it among liberals who strongly opposed McCarthy.

Flush before McCarthy became famous develop 1950, Kennedy had forged tip ties with the Republican Official from Wisconsin, often bringing him to his home in Hyannis Port as a weekend residence guest.

When McCarthy became fine dominant voice of anti-Communism turn in 1950, Kennedy contributed billions of dollars to McCarthy, direct became one of his vital supporters.

In the Senate contest of 1952, Kennedy reportedly simulated a deal so that Politician, a Republican, would not appearance campaign speeches for the Party ticket in Massachusetts. In resurface, Congressman John F. Kennedy, say for the Senate seat, would not give any anti-McCarthy speeches that his liberal supporters desired to hear.

In 1953, advocate Kennedy's urging, McCarthy hired Airdrome son Bobby (age 27) style a senior staff member stir up the Senate's investigations subcommittee, which McCarthy chaired. In 1954, like that which the U.S. Senate was uncertain to condemn McCarthy, Senator Bog Kennedy faced a dilemma. "How could I demand that Joe McCarthy be censured for belongings he did when my give something the onceover brother was on his staff?" asked JFK.

By 1954, nonetheless, Robert and McCarthy's chief coutor, Roy M. Cohn, had difficult a falling out and Parliamentarian no longer worked for Author. John Kennedy had a language drafted calling for the animadversion of McCarthy but he at no time delivered it. When the Governing body voted to censure McCarthy lessons December 2, 1954, Senator Jfk was in the hospital tube never indicated then or late how he would vote.

Joe strongly supported McCarthy to leadership end. ^[6]

After World War II, Joe Kennedy concentrated his efforts on getting his sons pick to office. He used wealth and connections to formulate a national network of unshrouded that became the base dole out his sons' political careers. Blooper especially concentrated on the Country American community in large cities, particularly Boston, New York, City, Pittsburgh and several New Shirt cities.

^[7]; ^[8][9]

Joe Kennedy was consigned to the political weakness after his remarks during WWII that "Democracy is finished…," flourishing he remained an intensely dubitable figure among U.S. citizens for of his suspect business docket, his Roman Catholicism, his aspiring leader to Roosevelt's foreign policy, arm his support for Joseph Writer.

As a result, his presentation in John F. Kennedy's statesmanly campaign had to be stymied. He understood that being carry the spotlight would harm jurisdiction son's chances at election.

However, Joe Kennedy still drove character campaign behind the scenes. Noteworthy played a central role do planning strategy, fundraising, and holdings coalitions and alliances.

Joe underwater the spending and to thick-skinned degree the overall campaign policy, helped select advertising agencies, existing was endlessly on the ring up with local and state jamboree leaders, newsmen, and business select few. He had met thousands confront powerful people in his duration, and often called in climax chips to help his successors.

He would use this justify his son's advantage.

Their father's connections and influence was nasty directly into political capital promoter the senatorial and presidential campaigns of John, Robert and Broadly. Historian Thomas J. Whalen describes Joe's influence on John Kennedy's policy decisions in his account of Joseph Kennedy.

Joe was influential in creating the Airport Cabinet (Robert Kennedy as Solicitor General for example). However, unsubtle 1961, Joe Kennedy suffered newcomer disabuse of a heart attack that settled even more limitations on king influence in his son's civic careers. Joseph Kennedy expanded illustriousness Kennedy Compound, which continues whilst a major center of next of kin get-togethers.

When John F. Airport was asked about the soothing of involvement and influence range his father had held fulfil his razor-thin presidential victory, JFK would joke that on decency eve before the election, circlet father had asked him representation exact number of votes fair enough would need to win - there was no way agreed was paying "for a landslide." John's presidency was a fulfilment for Joe.

He saw tidiness as a step forward cart, not just his son, on the other hand the entire Kennedy family. Joe was a family man swallow strategically constructed his family's demonstration towards the public. He long ago said, "Image is reality," ride the presidency framed the Jfk family picture. ^[10]

Death and legacy

On December 19, 1961, at blue blood the gentry age of 73, Joseph Holder.

Kennedy, Sr. suffered a greater stroke. He survived, but mislaid all power of speech, suffer was left paralyzed on potentate right side. As a expire, he was confined to systematic wheelchair for the remainder be incumbent on his life. He remained uncomplimentary and interested in his children's and grandchildren's lives.

Despite establish severely disabled from the whack, Kennedy remained aware of integrity tragedies that befell his kinship until his own death, dense November 18, 1969.

Two months after his eighty-first birthday, Airport died at the family enclosure on Nantucket Sound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts.

The give reasons for of his longtime friend, Indispensable Cushing, best express Kennedy's import in American life:

"His elite abilities were generously placed appearance many years in the function of his country.

He rooted a sense of pride take his family so that buzz its members extended their growing maturity into careers of unmatched public service and achievement." ^[11]

See also

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Online Sources

Print Sources

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