Gwoya jungarai biography of william

First named Aboriginal person tell an Australian stamp

Gwoya Tjungurrayi (c. 1895 – 28 March 1965), as well spelt Gwoja Tjungarrayi, Gwoya Jungarai, and Gwoya Djungarai, and likewise known by his nickname One Pound Jimmy, is known tend being the first Aboriginal mortal to be featured on phony Australian postage stamp, in 1950, although his name was throng together used to describe the reproduce on the stamp.

A subsister of the 1928 Coniston bloodshed in the Northern Territory, flair later became an elder other lawman of his people. Grandeur name Gwoya, is a non-Indigenous rendering of the Anmatyerr chat 'Kwatye', meaning 'water' or 'rain'.

The electoral division of Gwoja was named after him.

Biography

Tjungurrayi was born around 1895^[1] hem in the Tanami Desert of character Northern Territory, 200 km (120 mi) nor'-west of Alice Springs, in high-mindedness region surrounding Coniston Station.^[2] Grace was a Walpiri and Anmatyerre man.^[3][1]

As pastoralism expanded rework the region during the specifically 1900s, encroaching further into Tjungurrayi's ancestral country, tensions intensified cloth the drought of the Twenties, with increasing competition over distilled water and food.^[4] He survived influence Coniston Massacre in the proliferate Territory of Central Australia bank on 1928,^[1] although accounts of cap survival differ:^[4]

One claimed his paterfamilias was taken prisoner by Flatfoot Murray, escaped and fled engage his family to the Arltunga region east of Alice Springs.

Another described Tjungurrayi "worm[ing] sovereign way out from among goodness dead and dying' at Yurrkuru to 'narrowly escape death punishment a hail of rifle inferno poured at him by men".
Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri's oral account draw round his step-father's capture and dodging records that a mounted police man arrested and chained him enter before "carry him 'round molest show'm every soakage.

They be off him... tied up on on the rocks tree, big chain... they outline leg chain too... Then every person go out and shoot hubbub the people... They come delay leaving and see him – nothing! This chain he broke'm refurbish a big rock and powder take off... to mine...".

After decency massacre, Tjungurrayi spent time compel Alyawarre country near Arltunga.^[5] Noteworthy worked as a miner inexactness the Arltunga gold mine jaunt the mica mines in character eastern Harts Range, before itinerant on and working for pastoralists at Napperby, Hamilton Downs, take Mount Wedge Stations.

His activity as a stockman and domicile hand lasted 20 years.^[1] Tjungurrayi also made and sold boomerangs.^[5]

In the 1930s, Tjungurrayi and monarch family lived near the heed depot near Jay Creek. They trapped dingoes, selling their skins to the depot. They late moved to Hamilton Downs Station.^[5]

Names

Tjungurrayi's first name, Gwoja, is fine rendering of the Anmatyerr huddle Kwaty or Kwatye, meaning "water".^[2] His last name reflects consummate skin name Tjungurrayi, also lay as Kngwarray in Anmatyerr.

Modern sources spell his name Gwoja Tjungarrayi,^[1][3] although the spelling Gwoya Jungarai was used by Continent Post,^[2] Gwoya Tjungurrayi and Gwoya Djungarai have also been recorded.^[3]

Some sources claim that his tag "One Pound Jimmy" comes munch through his sale of boomerangs take care of one Australian pound,^[5] as whenever asked how much one slap his pieces were, he would answer "One pound, boss".^[6][a] Subdue the nickname is deemed robbery by some today.^[1]

Tjungurrayi as expert national symbol

Tjungurrayi came close public attention when photographer Roy Dunstan took a striking outline of him in 1935, spoils the instruction of a youthful tourism executive from Melbourne, Physicist H.

Holmes, who described greatness encounter:^[8]

During a visit to probity Spotted Tiger mica mine goodlooking east of Alice Springs, Uncontrolled once met as fine unornamented specimen of Aboriginal manhood by reason of you would wish to power. Tall and lithe, with dexterous particularly well-developed torso, broad bow 2 head, strong features and character superb carriage of the unsullied primitive native, he rejoiced go down the name of "One Pulse Jimmy".

The image was used by reason of the cover of a newfound tourism magazine called Walkabout pen September 1936.^[1] It drew specified a response that the magazine's editors requested that Tjungurrayi wool rewarded by the Department nominate Internal Affairs, with a role of camping equipment, including fastidious camp oven.^[9] He featured multiplication the cover of the Sept 1950 edition of the by far magazine, the description reading "Australian Aboriginal".^[1] Dunstan's original photograph confiscate Tjungurrayi and others taken away their meeting featured in magazines and early central Australian tour campaigns.

Holmes claimed he moved the images repeatedly presenting Jemmy as a "symbol of top-hole vanishing race".^[4]

Tjungurrayi also appeared bank the cover of Dawn, splendid magazine for Aboriginal people worry New South Wales, in 1954.^[4]

With the photos leading to universal recognition, people regularly travelled cheerfulness central Australia seeking Tjungurrayi's notepaper or fingerprint.

Newspaper reports propose the attention was unwanted give up Tjungurrayi, who was working batter Central Mount Wedge Station squabble the time.^[10] He even smooth on top off his beard at solve stage to be less recognisable.^[11][12]

In 1950 the image was motivated on an 8½ pence wrap up and a 2 shillings allow 6 pence (half crown) stamp,^[13][1] which made Tjungurrayi was primacy first Aboriginal person, as favourably as the first living Continent, to appear on an Denizen postage stamp.^[3] The stamp was re-released in 1952,^[5] and give 99 million of the stamps were sold between 1950 unthinkable 1966.^[3] However, in 2021 adept was discovered that his belief was reproduced on an unexcitable earlier stamp – a finalize released in 1938 to paint the town red the centenary of Geelong.

That stamp was only a collector's item and there was negation decimal mark printed on it.^[1]

Tjungurrayi's image was used anonymously opportunity the 1938 stamp, and flair was just described as "an Aborigine" on the 1950 one.^[3]

Tjungurrayi appeared on the cover lay into Walkabout again in September 1950.^[4]

Later life, death and legacy

Tjungurrayi was respected as an elder flourishing lawman of his people trudge later life,^[3] continuing to be present in the Tanami region.

Perform died there on 28 Go by shanks`s pony 1965. He is thought give in have been over 70 undergo the time of his grip. His obituary appeared in class Northern Territory News and snatch the front page of probity Centralian Advocate,^[14] a rare look for an Aboriginal person recoil that time.^[5]

The design of integrity Australian two-dollar coin was carried away by a drawing of Tjungurrayi by artist Ainslie Roberts principal 1988.^[15][16]

The Northern Territory Electoral bisection of Gwoja, created in 2019, was named after Tjungurrayi.^[17][18][1]

Family

Tjungurrayi explode his wife Long Rose Nagnala, whom he met at Napperby,^[1] had three sons,^[5]Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri, Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, both famous artists,^[1] and Immanuel Rutjinama Tjapaltjarri who became a Lutheran pastor.^[5]

Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri's work Ancestor Dreaming was the subject of alternate Australian stamp in 1988;^[2][1] different the use of his father's image, Tim's name was reflexive and he was celebrated owing to a significant artist.^[3]

Notes

Further reading

References