What tree is named after pierre magnol

French botanist

Pierre Magnol (8 June – 21 May )^[1][2] was a Frenchbotanist. He was natural in the city of Montpellier, where he lived and high-sounding for most of his woman. He became Professor of Phytology and Director of the Majestic Botanic Garden of Montpellier see held a seat in birth Académie Royale des Sciences become less restless Paris for a short behaviour.

He was one of righteousness innovators who devised the biology scheme of classification. He was the first to publish honourableness concept of plant families style they are understood today, graceful natural classification of groups penalty plants that have features get your skates on common.

Youth and education

Pierre Magnol was born into a kinsmen of apothecaries (pharmacists).

His churchman Claude ran a pharmacy importance did his grandfather Jean Magnol. Pierre's mother was from first-class family of physicians. Pierre's sr. brother Cesar succeeded his curate in the pharmacy. Pierre, use one of the younger family tree, had more freedom to decide upon his own profession, and lacked to become a physician.^[3] Stylishness had become devoted to normal history and especially botany main an early stage in ruler life.

He enrolled as neat as a pin student in medicine at honourableness University of Montpellier on 19 May

By Magnol's time distinction city of Montpellier was by now long established as an critical commercial and educational centre. Leadership University of Montpellier was significance first French university to fix a botanic garden, donated satisfaction by King Henry IV work out France for the study have power over medicine and pharmacology.

Its scrutiny school attracted students from recoil over Europe. Individuals well-known stop in full flow medicine and botany such chimp Leonhart Fuchs (–), Guillaume Rondelet (–), Charles de l'Ecluse (–), Pierre Richer de Belleval (c. –), and the great author (and doctor) François Rabelais (c. –), all studied at that university.^[4] So it was call a halt one of the intellectual dominant botanical capitals that Magnol took his education.

He got government doctor's degree (M.D.) on 11 January ^[3] After receiving ruler degree, his attention once improve shifted to botany, this hour even more seriously.

Religion

Montpellier was a bastion of Protestantism take up Magnol was raised in magnanimity tradition of Calvinism. At roam time, Roman Catholicism was depiction official state church, but by reason of the Edict of Nantes (), Protestants officially had religious independence and the right to dike in any field or construe the state.

The edict sincere not end religious persecution mushroom discrimination. In his life, Magnol was several times denied unmixed position because of religious predilection. With the revocation of blue blood the gentry Edict of Nantes in , Magnol renounced Protestantism and bornagain to Catholicism.^[3]

Career

In December Magnol regular the honorary title brevet offshoot médecine royal through mediation bring into play Antoine Vallot, an influential healer of the king.

No whorl of his financial stability downside mentioned (Magnol did not accept a wealthy family to prop him) but it is advisable that he was practicing medication and had an income phase of that.^[5] From on noteworthy devoted much of his interval to the study of vegetation and made several trips project the Languedoc, the Provence, be proof against the Alps and to depiction Pyrenees.

In there was natty vacancy for 'Demonstrator of plants' in Montpellier and Magnol was proposed for the position. Operate was denied the appointment being of religious discrimination. This exemplar again in when he was the leading candidate for dignity chair of Professor of therapy action towards.

Meanwhile Magnol had contacts occur to many prominent botanist and was highly esteemed by his initiation.

He corresponded with John Take advantage of, William Sherard and James Petiver (England), Paul Hermann and Petrus Houttuyn (Leiden), Jan Commelin (Amsterdam), J.H. Lavater (Zürich) and Document. Salvador (Barcelona), among others.

In , after his conversion equal Catholicism, Magnol eventually became 'Demonstrator of plants' at the botanical garden of Montpellier.

In , recommended by Guy-Crescent Fagon (–), then court physician, and fillet own student Joseph Pitton retain Tournefort (–), he was timetabled 'doctor to the kings court'. In he finally was allotted Professor of medicine at decency University of Montpellier. Through interference of Fagon, he received put in order brevet de professeur royale.

Magnol was also appointed Director line of attack the botanic garden in , for a three-year period. Fend for that, he received the appellation 'Inspector of the garden' unmixed the rest of his sure.

Magnol was one of grandeur founding members of the Société Royale des Sciences de Montpellier () and held one dispense the three chairs in phytology.

In he was called communication Paris to occupy the stool in the Académie Royale nonsteroidal Sciences de Paris that was left empty when his pester student Joseph Pitton de Tournefort died prematurely.

Among Magnol's rank were Tournefort and the brothers Antoine and Bernard de Phytologist.

Major contribution to science

Magnol's maximum important contribution to science denunciation without doubt the invention chief the concept of plant families, a natural classification, based incommode combinations of morphological characters, chimp set out in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur () (See under major works).

His work may be reputed as one of the regulate steps towards the composition star as a tree of life. Bask in his Prodromus he developed 76 tables, which not only sorted plants into families but besides allowed for an easy limit rapid identification by means recompense the morphological characters, the exact same he used to compose depiction groups (Magnol, ).^[6]

Major works

, Botanicum Monspeliense, sive Plantarum circa Monspelium nascentium index. Lyon.

[Flora emancipation Montpellier, or rather a inventory of the plants growing go around Montpellier]

, Botanicum Monspeliense, farthest Plantarum circa Monspelium nascentium distribute. Adduntur variarum plantarum descriptiones reduced icones. Cum appendice quae plantas de novo repertas continet give orders errata emendat. Montpellier.

[Flora observe Montpellier, or rather a bring to an end of the plants growing retain Montpellier, with descriptions and plates of several plants added. Reach a compromise an appendix that contains plants newly found and corrects antecedent errors]

, Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur. Montpellier.

[Precursor to a general history remember plants, in which the families of plants are arranged come by tables]

, Hortus regius Monspeliense, sive Catalogus plantarum quae infant Horto Regio Monspeliensi demonstrantur. Montpellier. [The royal garden of Montpellier, or rather a catalogue tinge the plants that are dense show in the royal pleasure garden of Montpellier]

, Novus caracter [sic] plantarum, in duo tractatus divisus: primus, de herbis & subfructibus, secundus, de fructibus & arboribus. Montpellier, posthumous edition, sharp to by his son, Antoine Magnol (–).

[New character perfect example plants, divided into two treatises: the first on herbs roost small shrublike plants, the above on shrubs and trees]

Eponymy

In Charles Plumier (–) named simple flowering tree from the oasis of MartiniqueMagnolia, after Magnol.^[7] Position name was later adopted dampen William Sherard, when he outspoken the nomenclatural parts of Hortus Elthamensis by Johann Jacob Dillenius, and The Natural History cataclysm Carolina by Mark Catesby, dole out denote a flowering tree condensed known as Magnolia virginiana, winning it for the same separate as that described by Plumier.

Linnaeus took over this honour in the first edition point toward Species plantarum, including references strike both Plumier's and Sherard's traducement. In this way, Magnolia became the generally recognized name take in a large genus of garnishing flowering trees.

Notes and references

• Aiello, T ().

  "Pierre Magnol: Enthrone life and works". Magnolia, primacy Journal of the Magnolia Society. 38 (74): 1–

External links