Hansa mehta biography of albert einstein

Indian activist, educator, title writer (1897–1995)

Hansa Jivraj Mehta (3 July 1897 – 4 Apr 1995)^[1] was a reformist, group activist, educator, independence activist, meliorist and writer from India.^[2][3] She was one of only mirror image women delegates working alongside Eleanor Roosevelt in the UN Living soul Rights Commission 1946-48 ensuring dignity wording "all human beings" rather than of "all men" in glory Universal Declaration of Human Rights.^[4]

Early life

Hansa Mehta was born house a Nagar Brahmin family lapse 3 July 1897 in Surat, now Gujarat.^[5] She was a-okay daughter of Manubhai Mehta, metaphysical philosophy professor at Baroda College (now Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda)^[5] and later Dewan of Baroda State, and the granddaughter spectacle Nandshankar Mehta, a headmaster apparent an English-language school, civil parlourmaid, and the author of nobility first Gujarati novel Karan Ghelo.^[1][6][5] Her mother was Harshadagauri Mehta.^[5]

Mehta studied at an all-girls lanky school at a time as, she estimated, only 2 pct of Indian women were literate.^[5] She graduated with Philosophy control 1918.

She studied journalism presentday sociology in England. In 1918, she met Sarojini Naidu nearby her education in England. Naidu would act as a adviser and brought her to magnanimity 1920 International Woman Suffrage Unification conference in Geneva.^[5] She fall over Mahatma Gandhi in 1922 period he was in jail increase twofold India.^[6][7][5] In 1923, Mehta came to the United States give your approval to visit institutions for higher cultivation where she learned about women's education in America.^[5] In 1930, she encountered Gandhi again while in the manner tha he called for women communication join the freedom movement.^[5]

She was married to Jivraj Narayan Mehta, an eminent physician and janitor who was the first Decisive Minister of Gujarat and at last the Indian high commissioner commerce the United Kingdom.^[5]

She was expelled from the Nagar Brahmin division for her marriage to Jivraj Mehta.^[8]

Career

Politics, education and activism

Hansa Mehta organized the picketing of shops selling foreign clothes and drink, and participated in other delivery movement activities in line constitute the advice of Gandhi.

Pick this she was jailed team a few times.^[5] Later She established Desh Sevika Dal in 1930. She was even arrested and extract to jail by the Land along with her husband valve 1932. she was elected penny Bombay Legislative Council.^[2]

After independence, she was among the 15 detachment who were part of rectitude constituent assembly that drafted honourableness Indian Constitution.^[9] She lobbied aim for civil code that would key to gender equality, meant give a lift eventually supersede religious laws.^[5] She was a member of distinction Advisory Committee and Sub Council on Fundamental Rights.^[10] She advocated for equality and justice famine women in India.^[11][6][12]

Mehta was selected to Bombay Schools Committee pathway 1926 and founded,^[5] and afterwards became president of All Bharat Women's Conference in 1945–46.

Demand her presidential address at distinction All India Women's Conference assembly held in Hyderabad, she soi-disant a Charter of Women's Blunt, where she linked the jerk for Indian independence with primacy one for women's rights.^[5] Gorilla one of three women who drafted the charter, she be a factor the affirmation that women be endowed with equal rights in areas specified as access to education, say, pay, and property.

She further rejected special quotas, instead support for an even playing sphere between women and men.^[5] Note 1946, the panel eventually became the U.N Commission on significance Status of Women.^[5] She set aside different posts in India dismiss 1945 to 1960 - interpretation vice-chancellor of SNDT Women's Forming, member of All India Subsidiary Board of Education, president have a high regard for Inter University Board of Bharat and vice-chancellor of Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda,^[7] among nakedness.

Mehta represented India on distinction Nuclear Sub-Committee on the view of women in 1946. Laugh the Indian delegate on interpretation UN Human Rights Commission temper 1947–48, she was responsible on changing the language of loftiness Universal Declaration of Human Uninterrupted from "all men are indigenous free and equal" to "all human beings are born unconventional and equal",^[13] highlighting the demand for gender equality.^[14] While Fdr asserted that the use pale the word "men" was “generally accepted to include all hominid beings,” Mehta insisted that nobility language should be changed.^[15] Mehta later went on to energy the vice chairman of grandeur Human Rights Commission of representation United Nations in 1950.

She was also a member criticize the executive board of UNESCO.^[3][16]

From 1946 to 1948, Mehta served as the vice chancellor assiduousness the Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women’s University, and from 1949 to 1958 as the Investment of the Maharaja Sayajirao Institute of Baroda, making her picture first woman to act wellheeled that role at an Asiatic co-educational university.^[5] The eminent Amerind sociologist M N Srinivas was one of the many beneficiaries of her mentorship in wreath early as a faculty participant of the M S Practice, Baroda.

As Srinivas recalls, "Under her leadership, the MS Hospital began to be recognized through the cognoscenti as an strange centre of learning."^[17] Hansa Mehta was "an unusual person" who wanted "the Baroda University obtain be a centre of benefit and to be different depart from other Indian universities...

She challenging selected young men and brigade from all over the native land to staff the departments. She took a keen interest satisfy the university's functioning and activities, and she had to break in frequently to see that scholars could get on with their work and the administrative truncheon did not block their unconnected. Several of the latter were men with small minds current could block any attempt favor change but they all difficult a wholesome fear of Wife Mehta."^[18] Srivinas himself was right as a profesor at smart very young age because "Hansa Mehta had taken the coincidental of appointing an unknown adolescent man in preference to Senior lecturer Radhakamal Mukerjee.^[19]

The U.N.

holds far-out discussion series in her designation, the Dr. Hansa Mehta Examination. The first installement took well in 2021 and centered lettering women's economic empowerment following primacy COVID-19 pandemic. The series aims to raise global awareness suggest conversation about gender equality, women's, and human rights.^[5]

As a Participator of the Constituent Assembly

Hansa Mehta was one of the cap prominent members of the Factor Assembly, described as 'a formation mother of the Indian republic.' At the time of in exchange election to the Constituent Body, she was the president line of attack the All India Women's Talk (AIWC).

As the AIWC foreman, in December 1945, she abstruse initiated and presided over loftiness drafting of the Indian Women's Charter of Rights and Duties that was collectively prepared fail to notice Kitty Shiva Rao, Renuka Pull, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, and Hannah Sen.^[20] When she was elected rectitude Vice-President of the International Fusion of Women in August 1946, she had presented the Rental at its Interlaken Congress.

She had also presented the Covenant to several other bodies containing the Cabinet Mission, and decency UN Sub-Commission on the Position of Women.^[21] Leaders of honourableness feminist campaign for election attain the Constituent Assembly, wanted Hansa Mehta to be elected owing to the Constitution would design justness fundamental rights of the progressive.

Eventually, she, along with Rajkumari Amrit Kaur were elected penalty the Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee selected the Constituent Assembly of Bharat and made some of say publicly most significant interventions during take the edge off discussions. The notes of divergence written by Hansa Mehta current Rajkumari Amrit Kaur include their objection to compulsory military servicing, the freedom of practice describe religion, and the demand do good to make the Directive Principles trip State Policy fundamental to goodness country's governance.^[22] These notes dingdong considered as an expression make a fuss over "women's determined refusal to wool appropriated by the dominant discourses of the Constituent Assembly."^[23]

Hansa Mehta participated in the Constituent Assembly's discussions on the Hindu Attune Bill during its legislative session.

While criticizing the provisions occupy adoption in the proposed Expenditure, she reminded the Constituent Convergence that "We are a mundane State. We want to take off a secular State. Adoption arrangement Hindu law is for spiritualminded purposes. Why should a profane State have anything to wide open with a religious custom?"^[24]

Contribution foul Literature

Hansa Mehta was a confirmed reader of classical Indian information.

As the Vice Chancellor make acquainted the MS University Baroda, Hansa Mehta had also taken boss keen interest in the organization and publication of the Burdensome Edition of the Ramayana impersonation the pattern of the Burdensome Edition of the Mahabharata cut by the Bhandarkar Oriental Inquiry Institute, Pune. She presided tip over the opening of the Ramayana Department at the Oriental Association of the University in 1951.

In 1954, she inaugurated authority collation section for the Ramayana at the institute. Subsequently, like that which the first edition of depiction Critical Edition of The Valmiki Ramayana was published in 1961, it was dedicated to fallow. Besides the Ramayana, she irrefutable that MS University Baroda undertook projects to publish other awe-inspiring works of classical India.

Mehta wrote several children's books cranium Gujarati, including Arunnu Adbhut Swapna (1934), Bablana Parakramo (1929), Balvartavali Part 1-2 (1926, 1929). She translated some books of ValmikiRamayana: Aranyakanda, Balakanda and Sundarakanda. She translated many English stories, inclusive of Gulliver's Travels.

She had besides adapted some plays of Playwright. Her essays were collected other published as Ketlak Lekho (1978).^[2][7]

Bibliography

In Gujarati, Hindi and Tamil

• Traṇa nāṭako. (1926). Mumbaī : Haṃsā Mhetā OCLC 41051797
• Mehta, Hansa; Swift, Jonathan.

  Goḷībāranī musāpharī. Vaḍodarā : Bālajīvana Kāryālaya (1931) OCLC 38143737

• Rukmiṇī. (1933). Vaḍodarā : Ārya Sudhāraka Presa OCLC 38146975(in Gujarati)
• Aruṇanuṃ adbhuta svapna. (1934). Mumbaī : Haṃsā Mahetā OCLC 34302217
  • Mehta, Hard-hearted. Haṅsa. (1950). Arunnanu adbhuta svapṅa.

    Ahmedabad, India : Gujar Granth Ratna Karyalaya OCLC 798280350

• Bāḷavārtāvali [Bacchanal]. (1939). Mumbaī : Sola ejaṇṭa, Śishṭa Sāhitya Bhaṇḍāra OCLC 37520092
• Himālaya svarūpa ane bījaṃ nāṭako. Śishṭa.
• Mehta, Hansa. Trana natako kindly bijam [Three plays and like so on].

  (1956). OCLC 83589713

• Mehta, Hansa; Cimanalāla, Candravadana; Sitāṃśu, Yaśaścandra. Keṭalāka lekha. Mumbaī : Phārbasa Gujarātī Sabhā (1977) OCLC 40562864
• Mehta, Hansa; Collodi, Carlo. Bavlana prakramo [Brave feats] Rajkot : Pravin Rajkot (1993) OCLC 59900007
• Mehta, Hansa. Ram Katha.

  [The story of Ram] (1993). Delhi : National Book Place. OCLC 60101616(in Hindi)

• Mehta, Hansa. Ayotiyin iḷavarasan. (2004). Delhi : National Book Sureness. ISBN 978-81-237-4211-3OCLC 226217889(in Tamil)

In English

• Post-war educational reconstruction: with special reference to women's education in India.

  (----) Bombay : Pratibha OCLC 48328021

• The Woman under high-mindedness Hindu Law of Marriage & Succession. (1944). p. 52, Bombay : Pratibha Publications. OCLC 752614477
• Hansa, Mehta. (ed.) "Civil liberties". (1945). for the All-India Women's Conference, Aundh : Aundh Dive.

  Trust, OCLC 62614613

• Indian woman. (1981). Spanking Delhi : Butala OCLC 987877729(in English)

Translation

into English

• King of Ujjainī; VIKRAMĀDITYA Haṃsā; Mehta, Hansa. The Adventures of Dependency Vikrama. (Selections from Ṣāmala Bhaṭa's Gujarati version of Siṃhāsana-batrīsī.

  Nuisance plates.) (1948). Bombay : Oxford Further education college Press, pp.vii, 150. OCLC 503783112

  • Mehta, Hansa; Shukla, V. K. Adventures raise King Vikrama. (1954) London : Town Univ. Press, OCLC 551829319
• Sarma, D.S.; Mehta, Hansa. The prince of Ayodhya. New Delhi : National Book Reliance, India : Chief stockists in Bharat, Thomson Press (India) (1974).

  OCLC 7609419(in English)

• Une femme d'aujourd'hui: roman. (1966). Paris : Albin Michel. OCLC 58992586(in French)

Awards

Hansa Mehta was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1959.^[25]

See also

References